Unraveling Common Myths About the Great Wall of China
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Great Wall's Myths
The Great Wall of China stands as one of the most remarkable structures ever created, often celebrated in films and literature. However, it has also become a source of numerous myths and misconceptions that lack factual basis. Throughout my childhood, I encountered several of these myths that seemed credible at the time. Today, we will examine some of the most common fallacies, starting with the widely held belief that the Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from the moon.
Section 1.1: Myth #1 - Visibility from the Moon
One of the most prevalent myths is that the Great Wall of China can be seen from the moon. This idea does not stem from a conspiracy theory but rather from the writings of Joseph Needham, a noted Sinologist. In his extensive work, Science and Civilization in China, he suggested that the Wall could be identified by Martian astronomers.
Despite this assertion, when Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei ventured into space in 2003, he discovered that the Great Wall was indistinguishable from its surroundings. While cities were visible, the Wall itself remained hidden against the landscape. NASA astronauts Ed Lu and Eugene Cernan have claimed to see the Great Wall from low Earth orbit, but only under specific lighting conditions that allowed them to perceive its silhouette rather than the structure itself. Thus, it is clear that the Great Wall is not visible from the moon, as commonly believed.
Section 1.2: Myth #2 - A Singular Structure
Another misconception is that the Great Wall is a single, continuous entity. In reality, it is a collection of walls built at different times and by various dynasties. The earliest constructions date back to the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC), which linked existing fortifications from earlier states. However, the wall built during this period was made from rammed earth and is not the grand structure we see today.
Subsequent dynasties, including the Han, Sui, Tang, and Ming, contributed to the Wall's expansion, but even the sections built during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) do not form a seamless barrier. Many areas remain inaccessible, with parts of the wall deteriorating over time, showcasing the fragmented nature of this monumental endeavor.
Chapter 2: The Purpose of the Great Wall
The first video, "8 Great Wall of China Misconceptions (ft. Interrobang)," discusses various myths about the Great Wall, including its visibility from space and the misconception of it being a single continuous structure.
Section 2.1: Myth #3 - Built to Ward Off Invaders
A widespread belief is that the Great Wall was constructed to keep out invading 'barbarians.' However, historical records show that many groups, such as the Mongols, breached the Wall successfully, raising questions about its effectiveness. Notably, the Secret History of the Mongols does not mention the Great Wall as a barrier to their conquests.
The question arises: if the Wall was a formidable defense, how did the Manchus and Mongols manage to invade China? Throughout history, various nomadic tribes have repeatedly attacked Chinese territories, indicating that the Great Wall's primary purpose may not have been to deter invasions but rather to symbolize the ruler's power.
The second video, "What We Get Wrong About the Great Wall of China," delves into these misconceptions, providing clarity on the Wall's true historical significance and purpose.
In conclusion, while the Great Wall of China is an iconic symbol of strength and resilience, many of the myths surrounding it are misleading. As we continue to explore the truths behind these misconceptions, it is important to recognize the Wall's intricate history, which reflects the complexities of China's past.